Sustainable Energy and Climate Practices
The Western Balkans has made significant progress towards energy transition and climate action, implementing innovative and sustainable practices at the local and regional levels. Below are some of the best practices highlighted in the region:
- Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings – Albania
Summary: In Albania, the government has undertaken significant energy efficiency renovations in public buildings, aiming to reduce energy consumption and costs. A prominent project involved the renovation of schools and public institutions with insulation, efficient lighting, and modern heating systems. Impact: These efforts have led to energy savings of up to 30% in public buildings and are serving as an example for the private sector and municipalities to follow similar measures.
- Water-Energy Interconnection – Albania
Summary: Albania has focused on the link between water resources management and renewable energy production, particularly through hydropower. The government has also supported water-saving initiatives to reduce energy costs in its management. Impact: By improving the efficiency of hydropower systems and addressing water scarcity, Albania contributes to climate adaptation and sustainable water use, reducing dependence on fossil fuels for energy production.
- Renewable Energy Development – Kosovo
Summary: Kosovo has invested in solar energy as part of its strategy to move away from fossil fuels. Several solar parks have been developed and net metering programs have been implemented to encourage citizens and businesses to install solar panels on their roofs. Impact: Kosovo has become a leader in the adoption of solar energy in the region, increasing renewable energy capacity and reducing dependence on coal. This transition supports energy security and emission reduction goals.
- Central Heating Systems – North Macedonia
Summary: North Macedonia has implemented modern district heating systems in several cities, including Skopje, where energy is produced through CHP plants using biomass and natural gas. Impact: These systems provide efficient heating for urban areas and significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The use of renewable sources helps improve air quality and citizens’ access to sustainable energy.
- Sustainable Mobility and Green Transport – Serbia
Summary: Serbia has strengthened its green transport infrastructure by promoting electric vehicles (EVs) and expanding charging points across the country. Belgrade has implemented a green bus fleet and has encouraged the use of electric cars and bicycles. Impact: These initiatives help reduce carbon emissions from the transport sector, improve air quality in cities, and promote sustainable mobility.
- Energy Cooperative – Bosnia and Herzegovina
Summary: Energy cooperatives have been established in Bosnia and Herzegovina to help small communities transition to renewable energy. These structures allow for collective investments in solar and wind energy projects. Impact: Cooperatives foster local involvement in the energy transition and provide independence and savings. This model empowers communities and strengthens climate action from the grassroots.
- Green Urban Planning – Bosnia and Herzegovina
Summary: The city of Tuzla has adopted a green urban planning strategy, including green spaces, sustainable drainage systems and low-emission building standards. The public transport network has also been improved. Impact: This initiative has strengthened urban resilience to climate change, reduced emissions and improved quality of life with healthier spaces and safer public transport.
- Circular Economy and Energy from Waste – Montenegro
Summary: Montenegro has implemented several waste-to-energy (WTE) projects, mainly in urban areas. These systems produce electricity and heat from municipal waste. Impact: These plants help reduce waste, better manage it and reduce emissions. They also provide a sustainable solution to urban energy needs, contributing to the circular economy.
- Sustainable Agriculture and Land Use – Croatia
Summary: Croatia has promoted sustainable agricultural practices, integrating solar energy on farms, organic farming techniques and forest management to reduce emissions. Agroforestry and afforestation projects are also supported. Impact: The measures contribute to improved biodiversity, carbon sequestration and more sustainable agricultural systems — a key part of Croatia’s strategy for climate change adaptation and mitigation in rural areas.
- Efficient Lighting and Smart Grids – Montenegro
Summary: Montenegro has made significant progress in smart grid technologies and efficient lighting, especially in Podgorica. Smart meters, smart street lighting, and digital energy management systems are being deployed. Impact: Smart grid implementation improves grid management, reduces energy losses, and promotes consumption management. Smart lighting reduces municipal energy costs and light pollution.